Underutilized and Endangered Bioresources in Nigeria: Diversity, Challenges, and Sustainable Utilization Strategies

Abstract

Nigeria possesses rich biodiversity comprising thousands of plant, animal, and microbial resources with significant economic, nutritional, and medicinal value. However, a large proportion of these bioresources remain underutilized, while many others are endangered due to anthropogenic pressures. This paper reviews the diversity of underutilized and endangered bioresources in Nigeria, identifies key species and their potentials, examines threats to their sustainability, and proposes strategies for conservation and sustainable exploitation. Findings indicate that although over 5,000 plant species exist in Nigeria; fewer than 20 are fully commercialized, leaving a vast reservoir of untapped bioresources. The study highlights species such as Dacryodes edulis, Irvingia wombolu, Detarium microcarpum, and Parkia biglobosa as valuable but neglected resources. Major threats include deforestation, overexploitation, climate change, and lack of research investment. Sustainable utilization through policy support, biotechnology, and community participation is recommended to enhance food security, economic development, and biodiversity conservation