Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae) Stem-Bark Extract Attenuates Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Rat Model
Keywords:
Anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress, prednisolone, ulcerative colitis, nitric oxideAbstract
The available drugs for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have proven to be beneficial, but are prone to severe adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. There is a need to search for effective and less toxic agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Uvaria chamae stem-bark extract on acetic acid-induced acute colitis in rats identified from a previous ethnobotanical study. Acetic acid was diluted in normal saline to 4% and infused into the colon of rats through a rubber cannula at the dose of 4 mL/kg. U. chamae (50–400 mg/kg) and 2 mg/kg of prednisolone (standard drug) were orally administered 48, 24, and 1 hour prior to the induction of colitis and continued for 1 week consecutively. Changes in body weight, water intake, and stool consistency were scored daily for each animal. Different biochemical markers of colonic inflammation were assayed: myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, and reduced glutathione content (GSH). The crude and partitioned fractions were also evaluated for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory potentials. Acetic acid untreated, was characterized by increased colonic wall thickness, edema, diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased GSH, decreased SOD, and increased MPO activities compared to the extract doses (50-400 mg/kg) which significantly reduced the macroscopic inflammation scores, and morphological alterations associated with an increase in the mucus secretion (p<0.05) with no significant difference among the treatment groups, indicating that U. chamae extract may be effective at all levels of doses or treatment. Butanol fraction (1.31±0.09 µg/mL) showed the highest NO inhibitory potentials as compared with the standard, gallic acid (1.1±0.1 µg/mL). We have shown that the U. chamae exerts marked protective effects in acute experimental colitis and therefore might be useful in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).
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