Cost – Benefits of Clarias gariepinus Hatchlings Fed Mandrake Root Powder as Phyto Additive

Authors

  • Yusuf, Z.A., Watafua, H., Atteh, A.P., Dauda, I., Bala, H., and Barnabas, B. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Michika, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Department of agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Tunari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Keywords:

Incorporated, Hatchlings, Mandrake, Phyto, Profits.

Abstract

A cost-benefit analysis of Clarias gariepinus hatchlings fed mandrake root powder as a phyto-additive was carried out. Mandrake root powder was incorporated into Coppens fish feed
(0.2- 0.5 mm) with 49% protein at 0.0 g (MR0, i.e., control), 0.25g (MR1), 0.5g (MR2), 0.75g
(MR3), and 1.0g/100g feed (MR4). Feed was fed to hatchlings (n = 1,500, 0.25±0.0g) for 28
days in 15 hatchery tanks (n = 100) at a fixed feeding rate of 10% body weight 6 times daily
between the hours of 07:00 and 23:00 at regular intervals. Cost – benefit was estimated for
each diet. Mean net profit value (₦11.56) and profit index value (2.61) were better, along with the least (best) incidence of cost value (₦2.39) and the highest (better) benefit-cost ratio value
(1.67) in hatchlings fed diet MR3, while the least mean net profit value (₦11.25) was recorded
in hatchlings fed MR0. The profit index value (2.53), the highest (poor) incidence of cost value
(₦2.44), and the lowest (poor) benefit-cost ratio value (1.62) were all recorded in hatchlings
fed MR4. This shows that the incorporation of mandrake root powder as a phyto-additive into C. gariepinus hatchlings' feed increased the profits. Mandrake root powder could be
incorporated into C. gariepinus hatchlings' feed for higher profit generation.

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Published

17-10-2026

How to Cite

Yusuf, Z.A., Watafua, H., Atteh, A.P., Dauda, I., Bala, H., and Barnabas, B. (2026). Cost – Benefits of Clarias gariepinus Hatchlings Fed Mandrake Root Powder as Phyto Additive . NABDA JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 5(4), 40–45. Retrieved from https://journals.nbrda.gov.ng/njbr/article/view/283

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Special Issue 6: Proceedings of Bioresources Development Conference (BDC26): Promoting A Bio-Economy Through Innovative Bio-Entrepreneurship Services And Domesticated Biotechnology

Section

Articles

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