Phytochemical Profiles of Garlic, Ginger and Black Cumin as Phyto – Additives in Catfish Feed

Abstract

The phytochemical profiles of garlic, ginger and black cumin as phyto – additives in catfish feed was evaluated. One hundred grams (100g) each of garlic bulbs, ginger rhizomes and lack cumin seeds were screened in the laboratory for alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, oxalates, phenolics, phytates, saponins and tannins using ethanol and water. Data collected from the quantitative analysis were subjected to one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% probability level and where significant differences were detected, mean values were separated using least significant difference (LSD). Higher phytochemicals were obtained qualitatively using ethanol than water.  Quantitative phytochemical analysis shows that alkaloids values ranged from 0.08 – 9.00, flavonoids 0.16 – 3.30, glycosides 0.04 – 1.24, oxalates 0.13 – 1.65, phenolics 0.25 – 2.06, phytates 0.04 – 0.95, saponins 0.29 – 4.23 and tannins 0.19 – 1.47. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the values of quantitative phytochemical analysis of the garlic bulbs, ginger rhizomes and black cumin seeds using both ethanol and water. The garlic bulbs, ginger rhizomes and lack cumin seeds are rich in some active bioactive compounds which can serve as both immunenonutrients and immunostimulants in catfish feed.