A Review on Bioplastics in Nigeria: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Plastics have become indispensable in modern society, yet their persistence in the environment poses significant ecological and public health concerns. In Nigeria, plastic waste is increasingly visible, manifesting in urban flooding caused by clogged drainage systems and in the marine litter that threatens aquatic life and coastal livelihoods. The growing global interest in bioplastics, defined as plastics derived from renewable biological resources, offers a promising pathway toward sustainable materials and circular economies. This paper reviews global and local perspectives on bioplastics, with particular focus on Nigeria's plastic pollution crisis, available feedstock potential, production readiness, key challenges and prospects. Nigeria's abundant production of cassava, maize, and sugarcane offers considerable opportunities for bio-based polymer feedstocks. However, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, low public awareness, and weak regulatory frameworks continue to hinder widespread adoption. With stronger policy incentives, strategic public-private partnerships, and the commercialization of existing research, Nigeria can emerge as a regional leader in bioplastic production and contribute meaningfully to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).