DETECTING QUINOLONE-RESISTANT SALMONELLA TYPHI IN STOOL SAMPLES FROM SELECTED ABUJA HOSPITALS
QUINOLONE-RESISTANT SALMONELLA TYPHI IN ABUJA HOSPITALS
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance; Molecular Detection; Plasmid-mediated Quinolone resistance (PMQR); Salmonella typhi; Typhoid feverAbstract
Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world. This study is aimed at molecularly detecting plasmid-mediated Quinolone resistance genes of Salmonella typhi from stool of patients attending selected hospitals in Karu, Abuja Municipal Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 300 stool samples were collected from patients attending ECWA Hospital (EH) and Jikwoyi Medical Centre (JMC) all located within Karu. Salmonella typhi was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) methods. Molecular detection of the plasmid-mediated Quinolone genes of the isolates was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Electrophoresis was carried out to determine the presence of plasmids. The overall occurrence of the isolates was 13.6% with JMC having the higher occurrence of (17.1%) while EH is (11.8%). The occurrence of the isolates in relation to age was highest at ages ≥50 years in EH (15.0%) and lower at ages 21-30 years (7.5%), while it was higher at age ≥10years in JMC (26.6%) but lower at age 41-50 years (12.5%). The occurrence in relation to gender was higher in males (11.9%) but lower in females (9.8%). Resistance to the Quinolone antibiotics was, Ciprofloxacin (7.3%) and Ofloxacin (39.0%) distributed as follows; CIP at EH (8.7%) and OF (43.5%) while at JMC, CIP (5.5%) and OF (33.3%). The most common resistance phenotype was CIP-GEN-CAZ and GEN-TE-CAZ (9.7%) and general distribution as EH (13.0%) and JMC (11.1%). Most of the isolates were multi-resistant with MAR indices above 0.2 and the commonest MAR index of 1.0 (4.3%) at EH and 0.5 (5.5%) at JMC.The PMQR genes detected had overall frequency in the order: aac(6')-Ib-cr(50.0%) qnrB(25%) qnrS(25%), parC (25%). Susceptibility testing before prescription should be intensified to avoid resistance.
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